Somalia is classified as the most extremely fragile country in the world (OECD, 2022). According to OECD (2016), “fragility is the combination of exposure to risk and insufficient coping capacities of the state, system and/or communities to manage, absorb and mitigate those risks.” (OECD, 2016). A multitude of crisis, shocks and uncertainties such as persistent […]
Ethiopia, being landlocked, considers reliable and cost-effective seaport access crucial for its economic development. Studies reveal that landlocked countries tend to be 20% less developed than they would be if they had access to the sea, partly due to higher transportation costs ranging from 50 to 260% more than coastal countries. To achieve its development […]
The archetypical stable autonomous Federal Member State of Puntland is undergoing the most turbulent and uncertain time in its political history. Since its foundation in 1998, the State has grappled with near political crisis at the end of every presidential tenure. The political wrangling over the term limits and electoral models between the incumbent president […]
The use of the Somali sovereign currency (the Somali shilling) has endured in spite of decades of conflict, state failure and fragility and the absence of a central bank in Somalia. The currency has experienced continuing depreciation and declining use due to a conglomeration of factors; the dollarization of the markets, the increasing use of […]
China’s trade and economic relationship with East Africa countries brought in much needed aid and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in infrastructure projects which would otherwise be too costly for these developing countries, and contributed to construction and development boom. It has made possible for some countries in the sub-region to grow their internal consumer market, […]
Somali women have always played an integral part in the economic and trade development of the country. Following the collapse of the central state, the majority of women became the breadwinners for their families through business. The Somali Federal Government must ensure the enforcement of laws and policies enabling women’s equal participation in the economy […]
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